TVS Diodes when compared to Varistor and Zener technology offer the following advantages:
- Faster Response
- Lower Clamping Voltage
- Lower ESD Energy
Both varistors and zeners respond more slowly to an ESD event and have a much higher clamping voltage when compared to TVS diodes. This will result in a lot more undesired ESD energy entering the system, which is why these technologies are primarily used for higher power protections than for higher speed ESD applications.
Reference 8/14:
https://www.digikey.com/en/ptm/t/texas-instruments/esd-protection-basics/tutorial