Introduction
The word ultrasonic refers to sound waves with frequencies greater than 20 kHz, which are inaudible to the human ear. A device that uses ultrasonic waves to detect the position, distance, or speed of an object is called an ultrasonic sensor. By measuring the time difference or frequency shift of the waves, the distance, position, or movement speed of the target object can be calculated.
Ultrasonic sensors accurately measure the distance between the sensor and an object, making them popular in automation, rangefinders, and object positioning. By utilizing the Doppler effect, they can measure the speed of moving objects, useful in traffic monitoring and motion detection. Additionally, they are employed in liquid level monitoring for reservoirs, tanks, and chemical containers, serving a wide range of industries.
Types of Ultrasonic Sensors
Ultrasonic sensors are classified by detection mode, structure, material, and operating environment.
Based on their detection modes, they can be divided into types such as transceiver, separate, bistatic, dual-state, and Doppler.
Structurally, they are categorized as waterproof, high-frequency, or open-type.
By material, they are divided into piezoelectric and magnetostrictive.
Based on the operating environment, they can be used in gases or liquids.
1. Transceiver type Ultrasonic Sensor
A transceiver type ultrasonic sensor is an essential component in a variety of industrial, automotive, and robotics applications. As its name suggests, the sensor functions as both a transmitter and receiver of ultrasonic waves. This dual capability allows it to detect objects, measure distances, and monitor the presence or absence of items within its sensing range.
In a transceiver, the transmitting unit converts electrical signals into high-frequency ultrasonic waves (typically above 20kHz) and emits them outward. The ultrasonic waves propagate through the air at speed (approximately 340 meters per second) and reflect back upon encountering an object. The receiver captures the reflected waves and converts them back into electrical signals. By measuring the time between emission and reception, the distance to the object is calculated using the “Time of Flight” (TOF) method.
The equation used to calculate the distance is:
Distance = (Time×Speed of Sound) / 2
The division by two accounts for the round-trip travel of the ultrasonic signal.
Advantages
- Combining transmission and reception into a single unit makes these sensors compact and easy to install.
- Suitable for a wide range of applications across various industries, including automotive, manufacturing, and environmental monitoring.
Limitation
- Factors such as temperature, pressure, and humidity can affect the accuracy of measurements and may require compensation.
Application
- These sensors are widely used in industrial automation, robotics, and object detection due to their simple structure, high accuracy, and flexibility in various applications.
2. Separate emitter and receiver Ultrasonic Sensor
A separate emitter and receiver ultrasonic sensor system uses two distinct components—one for emitting ultrasonic waves and the other for receiving them. Unlike a transceiver, which combines transmission and reception units into a single device for gains in size and ease of installation, an emitter/receiver pair comes in two separate units typically requiring individual installation. The split design allows for a larger measurement range and higher sensitivity.
Advantages
- The separated design of the transmitting and receiving units can reduce interference and improve measurement performance.
- Separate emitter and receiver ultrasonic sensors are ideal for long-distance applications that require a larger measurement range and higher sensitivity.
- The dedicated receiver is more sensitive to the returning ultrasonic waves, resulting in improved accuracy and reliability, particularly for distant or small objects.
Limitation
- In compact environments where space is constrained, separate sensors may be harder to install compared to a combined transceiver sensor.
- Higher Cost.
Application
- Ideal for long-distance detection and precise measurements, these sensors find applications in environmental monitoring, industrial measurement, and safety systems.
3. Doppler Ultrasonic Sensor
The Doppler ultrasonic sensor utilizes the Doppler effect to measure the speed and movement of objects. Unlike typical ultrasonic sensors that focus on detecting distance or presence, Doppler ultrasonic sensors analyze changes in frequency caused by the motion of an object relative to the sensor. This frequency shift, known as the Doppler shift, provides information about the object’s speed and direction.
The transmitter of the Doppler ultrasonic sensor emits a beam of ultrasonic waves, typically within the frequency range of 20 kHz to 10 MHz. When these ultrasonic waves encounter a moving object, they reflect back.
According to the Doppler effect, the frequency of the reflected wave will change based on the direction and speed of the object’s movement. If the object is moving towards the sensor, the frequency of the reflected wave increases (frequency shift upwards). If the object is moving away from the sensor, the frequency decreases (frequency shift downwards). The receiver captures the reflected wave and converts it into an electrical signal. The sensor then analyzes the received signal and calculates the frequency shift of the reflected wave.
The Doppler shift is described by the formula:
Δf = (2 ⋅ f0 ⋅ v) / c
Where:
- Δf = Doppler frequency shift
- f0 = Frequency of the transmitted ultrasonic waves
- v = Velocity of the moving object
- c = Speed of sound in the medium (typically air)
By determining the amount of frequency change (Doppler shift), the speed of the object’s movement can be calculated.
Advantages
- Doppler sensors are highly sensitive to motion, making them capable of detecting even small movements.
- The Doppler effect allows these sensors to provide accurate velocity measurements, making them useful for speed monitoring in applications like traffic control, robotics, and industrial automation.
Limitations
- The effective range of Doppler ultrasonic sensors is often shorter compared to other types of motion detection sensors. Their range is influenced by the power of the transmitted ultrasonic waves and the size and reflectivity of the target object.
Application
- These sensors excel in speed and motion measurement, making them suitable for traffic monitoring, medical diagnostics, industrial automation, and security systems due to their non-contact and real-time data capabilities.
4. Bistatic Ultrasonic Sensor
In Bistatic sensors transmitting and receiving units are located in different positions but are fixed at a specific angle relative to the object being measured.
The operating principle of a bistatic ultrasonic sensor is similar to that of a split-type ultrasonic sensor, where the distance and angle between the transmitting and receiving units need to be precisely adjusted to ensure optimal measurement results.
Advantages
- Since the transmitter and receiver are separate, bistatic systems are designed to cover larger distances compared to monostatic sensors.
- Bistatic ultrasonic sensors offer superior performance and accuracy. Since the transmitter and receiver can be positioned optimally, the risk of signal confusion is minimized.
Limitation
- Proper alignment of the transmitter and receiver is critical for optimal performance. Misalignment can lead to inaccurate readings or reduced detection ranges.
Application
- With their high precision and reduced interference, bistatic sensors are suitable for applications in accurate position and distance measurement, such as robotics and automation systems.
5. Waterproof Ultrasonic Sensor
Waterproof ultrasonic sensors are designed to operate in wet or underwater environments, capable of resisting moisture and liquid corrosion. The operating principle of waterproof ultrasonic sensors is similar to that of traditional ultrasonic sensors, but components such as the transmitter, receiver, and piezoelectric transducers are sealed internally to prevent moisture and other liquids from causing damage.
These sensors are encased in sealed housings, often made from plastic, metal, or other durable materials to prevent water ingress. The waterproofing ensures that the sensor’s electronics are protected from moisture, condensation, or even direct contact with water.
Advantages
- The main advantage of waterproof ultrasonic sensors is that they can handle tough conditions, like wet, dusty, or corrosive environments. This makes them perfect for outdoor, marine, or industrial uses where they need to be protected from the elements.
Limitation
- Due to their specialized design, waterproof ultrasonic sensors can be more expensive than standard ultrasonic sensors.
- When measuring in water, the propagation speed and attenuation characteristics of ultrasonic waves differ from those in the air, which may affect the measurement range and accuracy.
Application
- Designed for harsh environments, waterproof sensors are used in automotive applications, marine settings, underwater exploration, industrial automation, and agriculture for reliable data collection.
6. High-frequency Ultrasonic Sensor
A high-frequency ultrasonic sensor operates at ultrasonic frequencies typically in the range of 1 MHz to 10 MHz. The higher frequency allows the sensor to generate sound waves with shorter wavelengths. This is crucial for detecting smaller objects and making more precise distance measurements, as shorter wavelengths improve the sensor’s resolution.
The basic working principle of high-frequency ultrasonic sensors is similar to that of regular ultrasonic sensors.
The sensor’s transmitter, usually made of piezoelectric crystals, vibrates when voltage is applied, generating ultrasonic waves. In high-frequency sensors, these waves have a much higher frequency. The emitted ultrasonic pulses travel through a medium (like air or water), hit an object, and reflect back to the sensor. The sensor then analyzes these reflected waves to calculate distance, detect objects, or provide data for automated systems.
Advantages
- The main advantages of high-frequency ultrasonic sensors are their accuracy. They are great at detecting small objects and measuring distances with very little error, which is important in industries that require high precision.
- High-frequency ultrasound has a shorter wavelength, which enables higher spatial resolution and provides precise measurements and imaging.
Limitation
- High-frequency sound waves attenuate more quickly, which limits the sensor’s range and effectiveness in certain environments. This means high-frequency ultrasonic sensors may not be suitable for long-distance detection.
Application
- These sensors provide high-resolution measurements and are widely applied in medical imaging, non-destructive testing, semiconductor manufacturing, and precise level measurement tasks.
7. Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Sensor
Piezoelectric ultrasonic sensors utilize the piezoelectric effect to generate and receive ultrasound.
Piezoelectric Effect: The core of these sensors lies in piezoelectric materials (such as piezoelectric ceramics and piezoelectric crystals), which generate an electric charge when subjected to mechanical stress. Conversely, when an electric field is applied, these materials change shape, producing mechanical vibrations.
The transmitting unit is made of piezoelectric material, which vibrates and emits ultrasound when a voltage is applied. The ultrasound frequency depends on the resonance frequency of the piezoelectric material, typically ranging from 20 kHz to 10 MHz. The receiving unit is also made of piezoelectric material, which generates electrical charges when it receives reflected ultrasound.
Advantages
- Due to the high sensitivity of piezoelectric materials, they provide accurate measurements, making them suitable for applications that require high precision.
- Piezoelectric sensors are generally robust and can withstand harsh environmental conditions.
Limitations
- Piezoelectric materials are sensitive to temperature and stress changes, which may affect measurement accuracy.
- While effective for short to moderate distances, they may not be suitable for very long-range measurements.
- High-performance piezoelectric materials and associated electronic circuits may increase costs.
Application
- Known for their high sensitivity and reliability, piezoelectric sensors are employed in medical applications, automotive systems, consumer electronics, and environmental monitoring, requiring high precision and rapid responses.
8. Open-type Ultrasonic Sensor
An open-type ultrasonic sensor is designed to operate without a protective housing around its transducer. This design reduces the loss of ultrasonic wave propagation and improves measurement accuracy, achieving higher sensitivity and faster response. These sensors are typically used in environments where exposure to dust, moisture, or harsh elements is not a concern.
Advantages
- Compared to enclosed sensors, open-type sensors have lower manufacturing costs making them a popular choice for applications where budget is a concern.
- Without additional protective housing, these sensors are compact and lightweight, ideal for space-constrained applications.
Limitations
- Since they do not have a protective housing, open-type sensors are not suitable for outdoor use or in environments where they might be exposed to dust, water, or harsh chemicals.
- Components exposed to the environment may experience increased wear and damage, leading to a shortened lifespan.
Application
- Their high sensitivity and fast response make open-type sensors important in industrial automation, level detection, safety monitoring, and consumer electronics, despite being affected by environmental factors.
9. Magnetostrictive Ultrasonic Sensor
Magnetostrictive ultrasonic sensors utilize the magnetostrictive effect to generate and receive ultrasonic waves.
Magnetostrictive Effect refers to the phenomenon where certain materials (like nickel or ferromagnetic alloys) undergo dimensional changes when subjected to an external magnetic field.
Magnetostrictive materials are placed inside the sensor, and when a current or magnetic field is applied, these materials undergo slight dimensional changes (expansion or contraction) due to variations in the magnetic field.
These changes produce mechanical vibrations that generate ultrasonic pulses. The receiving unit captures the reflected ultrasonic waves, and the magnetostrictive materials experience mechanical vibrations again, which induce voltage changes within the material and convert them into electrical signals.
Advantages
- Magnetostrictive materials are highly sensitive to magnetic field changes, allowing for accurate and precise measurements, even in demanding environments.
- Magnetostrictive materials make these sensors durable and able to handle tough industrial conditions like high temperatures, corrosive environments, and vibrations. This ensures reliable, long-lasting performance in challenging applications.
Limitation
- Magnetostrictive sensors are generally more expensive than other types of ultrasonic sensors due to their advanced materials and precision.
- These sensors require a stable magnetic field source to function properly, being sensitive to variations in the ambient magnetic field.
Application
- These sensors are widely utilized in industrial inspection, medical imaging, level measurement, and smart manufacturing, thanks to their high stability and precision.
10. Ultrasonic Sensors in gases
Ultrasonic sensors are widely used in gases for measuring distance, detecting objects, and monitoring the flow of gas. The operating principle and application areas in gases differ from those in liquids or solids.
Ultrasonic sensors send sound pulses through gases, and the speed of sound depends on the gas’s density, temperature, and pressure. Since these factors affect the accuracy, sensors often include temperature and pressure compensation. Some sensors even have built-in gas sensors to monitor conditions in real time and adjust their measurements accordingly.
Advantages
- Ultrasonic sensors in gases provide non-contact measurement solutions, making them suitable for measuring gases in high-temperature or hazardous environments.
- They can provide real-time measurement data, and work in different gas environments, including varying densities, temperatures, and pressures.
Limitation
- In low-density gases, ultrasonic signals weaken faster, which can reduce the measurement range and accuracy.
- Sensor measurement results can be affected by change in gas density, temperature, and pressure so adjustments and calibration are needed for accurate results.
Application
- Used for measuring distance, flow, and concentration in gases, these sensors are crucial in industrial processes, environmental monitoring, gas safety detection, and controlling gas emissions.
11. Ultrasonic Sensors in liquids
Ultrasonic sensors are widely used in liquid applications for measuring levels, detecting objects, and monitoring flow.
The ultrasonic sensor transmitter emits sound pulses that travel through the liquid. The liquid’s density and sound speed affect how well the signal transmits. When the signal hits a boundary (like a liquid level, bubbles, or solid particles), it creates a reflected signal. Since temperature and density influence sound speed, sensors often include temperature compensation to adjust the signal processing based on environmental conditions. Additionally, sensor designs may account for bubbles and particles, choosing suitable frequencies to enhance measurement accuracy.
Advantages
- Ultrasonic sensors can measure liquid levels without making contact with the liquid, preventing contamination and wear.
- They provide real-time data on liquid levels and flow rates, facilitating real-time adjustment and control, and can deliver high-precision measurement results, suitable for applications requiring precise control and monitoring.
Limitation
- The accuracy of measurements can be affected by the liquid’s surface conditions, such as turbulence or foam.
- Variations in liquid temperature and density can influence the speed of sound and require compensation.
Application
- They are essential for measuring levels, flow, and concentration in applications like industrial tanks, chemical processing, and water treatment, enhancing operational efficiency and system performance.
Ultrasonic Sensors and Expansion Boards from DigiKey
Common Issues with Ultrasonic Sensors and Their Solutions
When using ultrasonic sensors, several common issues can affect their performance and reliability. Here’s a summary of these issues and how to address them:
1. Inaccurate Measurements:
- Causes: Environmental factors (temperature, humidity, wind) and uneven reflective surfaces can affect sound speed and signal strength. Exceeding the sensor’s maximum range also leads to inaccuracies.
- Solutions: Use temperature and humidity compensation, operate in controlled conditions, ensure smooth reflective surfaces, and select the right sensor for the material.
2. Decreased Sensitivity:
- Causes: Dust or dirt covering the transmitter/receiver or aging components can reduce sensitivity.
- Solutions: Regularly inspect and clean the sensor surfaces and replace any damaged components.
3. Signal Interference:
- Causes: Interference from other ultrasonic sources or electromagnetic fields can disrupt sensor operation.
- Solutions: Install the sensor away from other ultrasonic sources and use shielding or filters to minimize electromagnetic interference.
4. Measurement Distance Instability:
- Causes: Variations in reflective surface material, object movement, or improper installation can affect distance readings.
- Solutions: Ensure the reflective surface is stable, avoid movement during measurement, and install the sensor in the correct position and angle.
5. Poor Ultrasonic Propagation:
- Causes: Differences in sound speed in various media or extreme environmental conditions can impact accuracy.
- Solutions: Use the sensor in controlled environments or apply compensation algorithms, and choose a sensor suited for specific conditions.
6. Sensor Faults:
- Causes: Unstable power supply or internal circuit issues can lead to malfunctions.
- Solutions: Ensure a stable power supply that meets the sensor’s requirements and check all connections for damage.
7. Improper Installation:
- Causes: Incorrect sensor angle, position, or calibration can affect measurements.
- Solutions: Follow installation guidelines and regularly calibrate the sensor for accuracy.
Conclusion
Ultrasonic sensors are essential components in modern technology, offering a wide range of applications due to their ability to measure distance and detect objects using ultrasonic waves. Their diverse types, such as transceiver and Doppler sensors, provide unique advantages tailored to various applications, from industrial automation to medical imaging. However, challenges such as inaccurate measurements and sensitivity issues can arise due to environmental factors. Understanding these common problems and their solutions is crucial for enhancing sensor performance and ensuring reliability. As ultrasonic sensor technology continues to advance, it plays an increasingly important role in improving efficiency and precision across multiple industries, underscoring the need for ongoing innovation and development in this field.
More Articles on Ultrasonic Sensors:
Ultrasonic Sensor Basics
How to Make a Proximity Sensor Using Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Transmitters and Receivers
Applicable Part Numbers
| DigiKey Part Number | Manufacturer Part Number |
|---|---|
| 1528-2711-ND | 3942 |
| 2223-CUSA-TR80-065-2000-TH68-ND | CUSA-TR80-065-2000-TH68 |
| 668-1547-ND | UR-1640K-TT-2-R |
| 490-7707-ND | MA40S4S |
| 490-7706-ND | MA40S4R |
| 2047-H2KA300KA1CD00-ND | H2KA300KA1CD00 |
| 28015-ND | 28015 |
| 1863-1030-ND | MB1222-000 |
| 1863-1008-ND | MB7092-100 |
| 1863-1019-ND | MB7040-100 |
| 1863-1009-ND | MB7389-100 |
| 1863-1014-ND | MB7369-100 |
| 1863-MB7388-100-ND | MB7388-100 |
| 1863-1043-ND | MB7383-100 |
| 1863-1046-ND | MB7366-100 |
| 1863-MB7368-100-ND | MB7368-100 |
| 668-1544-ND | UB161M7 |
| 2223-CUSA-T80-12-2600-TH-ND | CUSA-T80-12-2600-TH |
| 2223-CUSP-T80-18-2400-TH-ND | CUSP-T80-18-2400-TH |
| 2223-CUSP-R80-18-2400-TH-ND | CUSP-R80-18-2400-TH |
| 2223-CUSP-T80-12-2600-TH-ND | CUSP-T80-12-2600-TH |
| 2223-CUSA-T80-18-2400-TH-ND | CUSA-T80-18-2400-TH |
| 2223-CUSA-TR80-18-2400-TH-ND | CUSA-TR80-18-2400-TH |
| 2223-CUSA-R80-18-2400-TH-ND | CUSA-R80-18-2400-TH |
| 2223-CUSA-T80-12-2200-TH-ND | CUSA-T80-12-2200-TH |
| 2223-CUSA-TR80-15-2000-TH-ND | CUSA-TR80-15-2000-TH |
| 2223-CUSA-T80-15-2400-TH-ND | CUSA-T80-15-2400-TH |
| 1528-2832-ND | 4007 |
| 2223-CUSP-TR80-15-2500-TH-ND | CUSP-TR80-15-2500-TH |
| 2223-CUSA-T75-18-2400-TH-ND | CUSA-T75-18-2400-TH |
| 2223-CUSA-TR65-065-2200-TH68-ND | CUSA-TR65-065-2200-TH68 |
| 2223-CUSA-T601-150-2400-TH-ND | CUSA-T601-150-2400-TH |
| 2223-CUSA-T60-150-2400-TH-ND | CUSA-T60-150-2400-TH |
| 2223-CUSA-TR60-06-2200-W68-ND | CUSA-TR60-06-2200-W68 |
| 2223-CUSA-TR65-065-2200-W68-ND | CUSA-TR65-065-2200-W68 |
| 2223-CUSA-TR50-05-2000-W68-ND | CUSA-TR50-05-2000-W68 |
| 2223-CUSA-TR50-05-2000-WC68-ND | CUSA-TR50-05-2000-WC68 |
| 2223-CUSA-TR801-065-2000-TH68-ND | CUSA-TR801-065-2000-TH68 |
| 2223-CUSA-TR60-06-2000-W68-ND | CUSA-TR60-06-2000-W68 |
| 1428-CH101-00ABRTR-ND,1428-CH101-00ABRCT-ND,1428-CH101-00ABRDKR-ND | CH101-00ABR |
| 668-1550-ND | UTR-1440K-TT-R |
| 2223-CUSA-TR60-02-2000-TH67-ND | CUSA-TR60-02-2000-TH67 |
| 2223-CUSA-TR50-150-2500-W68-ND | CUSA-TR50-150-2500-W68 |
| 668-SMUTR-0540K-TTR-ND,668-SMUTR-0540K-TCT-ND,668-SMUTR-0540K-TDKR-ND | SMUTR-0540K-T |
| 1428-CH101-02ABRTR-ND,1428-CH101-02ABRCT-ND,1428-CH101-02ABRDKR-ND | CH101-02ABR |
| 1428-CH201-00ABRTR-ND,1428-CH201-00ABRCT-ND,1428-CH201-00ABRDKR-ND | CH201-00ABR |
| 668-UTR-18225K-TT-ND | UTR-18225K-TT |
| 1428-MOD_CH101-03-01-ND | MOD_CH101-03-01 |
| 1428-ICU-20201TR-ND,1428-ICU-20201CT-ND,1428-ICU-20201DKR-ND | ICU-20201 |
| 1863-1001-ND | MB1000-000 |
| 1863-1004-ND | MB1013-000 |
| 2047-H2KA150KA1CD00-ND | H2KA150KA1CD00 |
| 1863-1053-ND | MB7040-200 |
| 1863-1035-ND | MB7380-100 |
| 1863-1023-ND | MB7360-100 |
| 399-19349-ND | NBL45402H-A |
| 399-19348-ND | NBL45282H-A3 |
| 1863-1052-ND | MB7374-100 |
| 495-77643-ND | B59050Z0206A030 |
| 495-77642-ND | B59070Z0285D121 |
| 495-77644-ND | B59050Z0206A031 |
| 2223-CUSA-R75-18-2400-TH-ND | CUSA-R75-18-2400-TH |
| 2223-CUSP-R80-15-2500-TH-ND | CUSP-R80-15-2500-TH |
| 2223-CUSA-R80-15-2500-TH-ND | CUSA-R80-15-2500-TH |
| 2223-CUSP-TR80-18-2400-TH-ND | CUSP-TR80-18-2400-TH |
| 2223-CUSP-T80-15-2400-TH-ND | CUSP-T80-15-2400-TH |
| 668-1549-ND | UT-1640K-TT-2-R |
| 668-1546-ND | UR-1240K-TT-R |
| 668-1548-ND | UT-1240K-TT-R |
| 2223-CUSA-TR65-065-2200-WC68-ND | CUSA-TR65-065-2200-WC68 |
| 2223-CUSA-TR60-06-2200-WC68-ND | CUSA-TR60-06-2200-WC68 |
| 2223-CUSA-TR60-06-2000-WC68-ND | CUSA-TR60-06-2000-WC68 |
| 2223-CUSA-TR50-150-2500-WC68-ND | CUSA-TR50-150-2500-WC68 |
| 1863-1018-ND | MB7052-100 |
| 1863-1057-ND | MB7389-200 |
| 495-77641-ND | B59070Z0285D120 |
| 2223-CUSA-R80-120-2200-TH-ND | CUSA-R80-120-2200-TH |
| 2223-CUSA-R80-130-3000-TH-ND | CUSA-R80-130-3000-TH |
| 2223-CUSA-T80-130-3000-TH-ND | CUSA-T80-130-3000-TH |
| 2223-CUSA-R75-120-2200-TH-ND | CUSA-R75-120-2200-TH |
| 2223-CUSA-T75-120-2200-TH-ND | CUSA-T75-120-2200-TH |
| 2223-CUSA-R80-120-2200-W-ND | CUSA-R80-120-2200-W |
| 2223-CUSA-T80-120-2200-W-ND | CUSA-T80-120-2200-W |
| 2223-CUSA-R80-130-3000-W-ND | CUSA-R80-130-3000-W |
| 2223-CUSA-T80-130-3000-W-ND | CUSA-T80-130-3000-W |
| 2223-CUSA-T75-120-2200-W-ND | CUSA-T75-120-2200-W |
| 2223-CUSA-R75-120-2200-W-ND | CUSA-R75-120-2200-W |
| 2223-CUSA-R80-120-2200-WC-ND | CUSA-R80-120-2200-WC |
| 2223-CUSA-T80-120-2200-WC-ND | CUSA-T80-120-2200-WC |
| 2223-CUSA-T80-130-3000-WC-ND | CUSA-T80-130-3000-WC |
| 2223-CUSA-R80-130-3000-WC-ND | CUSA-R80-130-3000-WC |
| 2223-CUSA-R75-120-2200-WC-ND | CUSA-R75-120-2200-WC |
| 2223-CUSA-T75-120-2200-WC-ND | CUSA-T75-120-2200-WC |
| 668-SMUR-1040K-TTTR-ND,668-SMUR-1040K-TTCT-ND,668-SMUR-1040K-TTDKR-ND | SMUR-1040K-TT |
| 668-SMUTR-1040K-TTTR-ND,668-SMUTR-1040K-TTCT-ND,668-SMUTR-1040K-TTDKR-ND | SMUTR-1040K-TT |
| 668-SMUT-1040K-TTTR-ND,668-SMUT-1040K-TTCT-ND,668-SMUT-1040K-TTDKR-ND | SMUT-1040K-TT |
| 668-UTR-16295K-TP-LWC60-ND | UTR-16295K-TP-LWC60 |
| 1428-ICU-10201TR-ND,1428-ICU-10201CT-ND,1428-ICU-10201DKR-ND | ICU-10201 |
| 5762-AT300-DR-01-ND | AT300-DR-01 |
| 399-ND18X3N21-ND | ND18X3N21 |
| 5762-AT225-DR-01-ND | AT225-DR-01 |
| 5762-AT120-DR-01-ND | AT120-DR-01 |
| 5762-AT200-DR-01-ND | AT200-DR-01 |
| 399-ND18X3N6-ND | ND18X3N6 |
| 5762-ATK200-DR-01-ND | ATK200-DR-01 |
| 5762-AT75-DR-01-ND | AT75-DR-01 |
| 1863-1049-ND | MB7060-500 |
| 5762-AT50-DR-01-ND | AT50-DR-01 |
| 2603-CT10U-30S400-1TR-ND,2603-CT10U-30S400-1CT-ND,2603-CT10U-30S400-1DKR-ND | CT10U-30S400-1 |
| 495-B59110W2111W032-ND | B59110W2111W032 |
| 1863-1021-ND | MB1403-000 |
| 1863-1090-ND | MB7051-800 |
| 1528-2789-ND | 4019 |
| 1738-1027-ND | SEN0001 |
| 1922-US0078-000-ND | US0078-000 |
| 1922-US0075-001-ND | US0075-001 |
| 2047-H2KMPYA1000600-ND | H2KMPYA1000600 |
| 1863-1002-ND | MB1010-000 |
| 1863-1005-ND | MB1040-000 |
| 1597-101991041-ND | 101991041 |
| 2223-CUSA-TR07-008-500-TH67-ND | CUSA-TR07-008-500-TH67 |
| 2223-CUSA-TR09-02-1000-TH67-ND | CUSA-TR09-02-1000-TH67 |
| 2047-H2KLPY11000600-ND | H2KLPY11000600 |
| 1863-1006-ND | MB1043-000 |
| 1863-MB1644-000-ND | MB1644-000 |
| 1863-MB1604-000-ND | MB1604-000 |
| 1863-MB1643-000-ND | MB1643-000 |
| 1863-1016-ND | MB1003-000 |
| 1863-1003-ND | MB1240-000 |
| 1863-1010-ND | MB1242-000 |
| 1863-1059-ND | MB1300-000 |
| 1863-1042-ND | MB1414-000 |
| 1863-1031-ND | MB1413-000 |
| 1863-1064-ND | MB1443-000 |
| 1863-1083-ND | MB7092-200 |
| 1863-1012-ND | MB7060-100 |
| 1863-1025-ND | MB7066-100 |
| 2047-H2KY050KT1CD00-ND | H2KY050KT1CD00 |
| 1738-SEN0304-ND | SEN0304 |
| 1863-1007-ND | MB1030-000 |
| 1863-1017-ND | MB1020-000 |
| 2223-CUSA-TR071-01-400-TH67-ND | CUSA-TR071-01-400-TH67 |
| 1863-MB1613-000-ND | MB1613-000 |
| 1863-1040-ND | MB1232-000 |
| 1863-1000-ND | MB1340-000 |
| 1863-1022-ND | MB1202-000 |
| 1863-1032-ND | MB1260-000 |
| 1863-1065-ND | MB1360-000 |
| 1863-MB8480-000-ND | MB8480-000 |
| 1863-1075-ND | MB7139-200 |
| 1863-1054-ND | MB7137-100 |
| 1863-1067-ND | MB7070-300 |
| 1863-1033-ND | MB7040-300 |
| 1863-1011-ND | MB7139-100 |
| 1863-1020-ND | MB7060-200 |
| 1863-1024-ND | MB7070-100 |
| 1863-1081-ND | MB7052-300 |
| 1863-1037-ND | MB7062-200 |
| 1863-1044-ND | MB7062-100 |
| 1863-1078-ND | MB7052-200 |
| 2047-H2KA200KA1CD00-ND | H2KA200KA1CD00 |
| 1863-1079-ND | MB7380-200 |
| 399-19351-ND,2266-NBL20602S-ND | NBL20602S |
| 399-19350-ND | NBL15602S |
| 1863-1029-ND | MB7076-100 |
| 1863-1034-ND | MB7363-100 |
| 1863-1026-ND | MB7386-100 |
| 881-RBS306-MBHR-US-ND | RBS306-MBHR-US |
| 1863-1086-ND | MB1361-000 |
| 2047-H2KA240KB1CD00-ND | H2KA240KB1CD00 |
| 2047-H2KA125KA1CD00-ND | H2KA125KA1CD00 |
| 2047-H2KA200KD1CD00-ND | H2KA200KD1CD00 |
| 1863-MB7568-100-ND | MB7568-100 |
| 1863-MB7588-100-ND | MB7588-100 |
| 1738-SEN0560-ND | SEN0560 |
| 2223-CUSP-TR12-010-1150-TH-ND | CUSP-TR12-010-1150-TH |
| 2223-CUSP-TR12-010-1150-W-ND | CUSP-TR12-010-1150-W |
| 2223-CUSP-TR12-010-1150-WC-ND | CUSP-TR12-010-1150-WC |
| 2223-CUSA-TR11-010-1150-TH67-ND | CUSA-TR11-010-1150-TH67 |
| 2223-CUSA-TR11-010-1150-W67-ND | CUSA-TR11-010-1150-W67 |
| 2223-CUSA-TR11-010-1150-WC67-ND | CUSA-TR11-010-1150-WC67 |
| 1597-101021097-ND | 101021097 |
| MB1005-000-ND | MB1005-000 |
| 1738-SEN0591-ND | SEN0591 |
| MB1014-000-ND | MB1014-000 |
| MB1024-000-ND | MB1024-000 |
| 1863-1073-ND | MB1044-000 |
| 1863-MB1603-000-ND | MB1603-000 |
| 1863-MB1614-000-ND | MB1614-000 |
| 495-B59150X0754P030-ND | B59150X0754P030 |
| 1597-101991042-ND | 101991042 |
| MB1444-000-ND | MB1444-000 |
| 1863-1036-ND | MB1424-000 |
| 1863-1055-ND | MB1423-000 |
| 1863-1070-ND | MB1433-000 |
| 1863-MB2530-000-ND | MB2530-000 |
| 399-ND10X2N6-ND | ND10X2N6 |
| 399-ND10X2N21-ND | ND10X2N21 |
| 399-ND10X3N21-ND | ND10X3N21 |
| 399-ND10X3N6-ND | ND10X3N6 |
| 399-ND18X2N6-ND | ND18X2N6 |
| 399-ND18X2N21-ND | ND18X2N21 |
| 1863-1047-ND | MB8450-000 |
| MB7070-400-ND | MB7070-400 |
| MB7060-700-ND | MB7060-700 |
| MB7040-500-ND | MB7040-500 |
| MB7052-700-ND | MB7052-700 |
| MB7062-400-ND | MB7062-400 |
| 5762-ATK120-DR-01-ND | ATK120-DR-01 |
| MB7369-200-ND | MB7369-200 |
| MB7360-700-ND | MB7360-700 |
| 5762-ATK75-DR-01-ND | ATK75-DR-01 |
| 5762-P798-DR-01-ND | P798-DR-01 |
| MB7040-110-ND | MB7040-110 |
| MB7052-110-ND | MB7052-110 |
| MB7060-420-ND | MB7060-420 |
| MB7062-110-ND | MB7062-110 |
| MB7092-110-ND | MB7092-110 |
| MB7334-100-ND | MB7334-100 |
| 1863-1041-ND | MB7589-100 |
| 1863-1062-ND | MB7364-100 |
| 1863-1077-ND | MB7384-100 |
| MB7363-800-ND | MB7363-800 |
| MB7383-800-ND | MB7383-800 |
| MB7386-110-ND | MB7386-110 |
| 1863-MB7388-110-ND | MB7388-110 |
| MB7052-101-ND | MB7052-101 |
| MB7060-501-ND | MB7060-501 |
| MB7062-101-ND | MB7062-101 |
| MB7092-101-ND | MB7092-101 |
| MB7092-201-ND | MB7092-201 |
| MB7040-101-ND | MB7040-101 |
| MB7360-101-ND | MB7360-101 |
| MB7360-501-ND | MB7360-501 |
| MB7369-101-ND | MB7369-101 |
| MB7380-101-ND | MB7380-101 |
| MB7380-201-ND | MB7380-201 |
| 5762-AR50-DR-01-ND | AR50-DR-01 |
| 5762-ARK120THD-DR-01-ND | ARK120THD-DR-01 |
| MB7389-130-ND | MB7389-130 |
| MB7363-101-ND | MB7363-101 |
| MB7383-101-ND | MB7383-101 |
| 1863-MB7388-101-ND | MB7388-101 |
| MB7534-100-ND | MB7534-100 |
| 1863-1088-ND | MB7574-100 |
| 1863-MB7388-130-ND | MB7388-130 |
| 5762-ARK75THD-DR-01-ND | ARK75THD-DR-01 |
| 1863-MB7389-10B-ND | MB7389-10B |
| 1863-MB7380-10B-ND | MB7380-10B |
| 1863-MB7380-105-ND | MB7380-105 |
| 1863-MB7389-105-ND | MB7389-105 |
| MB7052-121-ND | MB7052-121 |
| MB7052-511-ND | MB7052-511 |
| MB7070-121-ND | MB7070-121 |
| MB7139-111-ND | MB7139-111 |
| MB7563-110-ND | MB7563-110 |
| MB7344-101-ND | MB7344-101 |
| MB7360-111-ND | MB7360-111 |
| MB7369-111-ND | MB7369-111 |
| MB7369-121-ND | MB7369-121 |
| MB7374-101-ND | MB7374-101 |
| MB7380-121-ND | MB7380-121 |
| MB7389-221-ND | MB7389-221 |
| MB7560-101-ND | MB7560-101 |
| MB7569-101-ND | MB7569-101 |
| MB7589-101-ND | MB7589-101 |
| 5762-ATK50-DR-01-ND | ATK50-DR-01 |
| 5762-ARK50-DR-01-ND | ARK50-DR-01 |
| MB7066-111-ND | MB7066-111 |
| MB7383-121-ND | MB7383-121 |
| MB7363-801-ND | MB7363-801 |
| 1863-MB7588-101-ND | MB7588-101 |
| 5762-ARK50THD-DR-01-ND | ARK50THD-DR-01 |
| 5762-AR41-DR-01-ND | AR41-DR-01 |
| 1863-MB7588-130-ND | MB7588-130 |
| 5762-P757-DR-01-ND | P757-DR-01 |
| MB7369-131-ND | MB7369-131 |
| MB7383-821-ND | MB7383-821 |
| MB7564-101-ND | MB7564-101 |
| 5762-ARK41-DR-01-ND | ARK41-DR-01 |
| MB7589-131-ND | MB7589-131 |
| 5762-AR30-DR-01-ND | AR30-DR-01 |
| 5762-ARK30-DR-01-ND | ARK30-DR-01 |
| 5762-ART15-DR-01-ND | ART15-DR-01 |
| 5762-AR20-DR-01-ND | AR20-DR-01 |
| 5762-220WXH-DR232-01-ND | 220WXH-DR232-01 |
| 2047-H2KA240KA1CD00-ND | H2KA240KA1CD00 |
| 3689-UTRCM18-1300-IL2-ND | UTRCM18-1300-IL2 |
| 3689-UTRCM18-1300D-ND | UTRCM18-1300D |
| 3689-UTRCM30-8MDB-ND | UTRCM30-8MDB |
| 3689-UTRCM30-8MDB-D-IL2-ND | UTRCM30-8MDB-D-IL2 |
| 1528-4742-ND | 4742 |
| 1863-1072-ND | MB1004-000 |
| 1863-1027-ND | MB1023-000 |
| 1863-1056-ND | MB1033-000 |
| 1863-1015-ND | MB1220-000 |
| 1863-1013-ND | MB1200-000 |
| 1863-1028-ND | MB1212-000 |
| 1863-1069-ND | MB7040-700 |
| 1863-1066-ND | MB7389-500 |
| 1863-1058-ND | MB7354-100 |
| 1738-1386-ND | SEN0007 |
| 1863-1089-ND | MB7563-100 |
| 1863-MB1623-000-ND | MB1623-000 |
| MB7389-120-ND | MB7389-120 |
| 1863-MB7368-131-ND | MB7368-131 |
| MB7076-110-ND | MB7076-110 |
| 3689-UTRCM18-1300D-IL2-ND | UTRCM18-1300D-IL2 |
| 5209-693-11012-UT20-S150-PSM4-ND | 693-11012 - UT 20-S150-PSM4 |
| 5209-693-11004-UT20-150-AUM4-ND | 693-11004 - UT 20-150-AUM4 |
| 5209-693-11005-UT20-150-AIM4-ND | 693-11005 - UT 20-150-AIM4 |
| 5661-FC-702C-ND | FC-702C |
| 5661-FC-722C-ND | FC-722C |
| 5209-690-10102-UT18-270-PSL4-ND | 690-10102 - UT 18-270-PSL4 |
| 5209-690-10104-UT18-750-PSL4-ND | 690-10104 - UT 18-750-PSL4 |
| 5209-693-11002-UT20-240-PSM4-ND | 693-11002 - UT 20-240-PSM4 |
| 5209-693-11000-UT20-150-PSM4-ND | 693-11000 - UT 20-150-PSM4 |
| 5209-693-11001-UT20-150-NSM4-ND | 693-11001 - UT 20-150-NSM4 |
| 5209-693-11003-UT20-240-NSM4-ND | 693-11003 - UT 20-240-NSM4 |
| 5209-693-11013-UT20-S150-NSM4-ND | 693-11013 - UT 20-S150-NSM4 |
| 5209-693-11008-UT20-700-PSM4-ND | 693-11008 - UT 20-700-PSM4 |
| 5209-693-11009-UT20-700-NSM4-ND | 693-11009 - UT 20-700-NSM4 |
| 5209-690-10105-UT18-750-A-IL4-ND | 690-10105 - UT 18-750-A-IL4 |
| 5209-690-10103-UT18-270-A-IL4-ND | 690-10103 - UT 18-270-A-IL4 |
| 5209-693-11007-UT20-240-AIM4-ND | 693-11007 - UT 20-240-AIM4 |
| 5209-693-11006-UT20-240-AUM4-ND | 693-11006 - UT 20-240-AUM4 |
| 5209-693-11014-UT20-S150-AUM4-ND | 693-11014 - UT 20-S150-AUM4 |
| 5209-693-11015-UT20-S150-AIM4-ND | 693-11015 - UT 20-S150-AIM4 |
| 5209-693-11011-UT20-700-AIM4-ND | 693-11011 - UT 20-700-AIM4 |
| 5209-693-11010-UT20-700-AUM4-ND | 693-11010 - UT 20-700-AUM4 |
| 5209-690-51563-UMT30-1300-PSD-L5-ND | 690-51563 - UMT 30-1300-PSD-L5 |
| 5209-690-51560-UMT30-350-PSD-L5-ND | 690-51560 - UMT 30-350-PSD-L5 |
| 5209-690-51567-UMT30-3400-PSD-L5-ND | 690-51567 - UMT 30-3400-PSD-L5 |
| 5209-690-51570-UMT30-6000-PSD-L5-ND | 690-51570 - UMT 30-6000-PSD-L5 |
| 5209-690-51564-UMT30-1300-2PSD-L5-ND | 690-51564 - UMT 30-1300-2PSD-L5 |
| 5209-690-51561-UMT30-350-2PSD-L5-ND | 690-51561 - UMT 30-350-2PSD-L5 |
| 5209-690-51568-UMT30-3400-2PSD-L5-ND | 690-51568 - UMT 30-3400-2PSD-L5 |
| 5209-690-51572-UMT30-350-A-IUD-L5-ND | 690-51572 - UMT 30-350-A-IUD-L5 |
| 5209-690-51562-UMT30-1300-A-IUD-L5-ND | 690-51562 - UMT 30-1300-A-IUD-L5 |
| 5209-690-51571-UMT30-6000-2PSD-L5-ND | 690-51571 - UMT 30-6000-2PSD-L5 |
| 5209-690-51565-UMT30-3400-A-IUD-L5-ND | 690-51565 - UMT 30-3400-A-IUD-L5 |
| 5209-690-51569-UMT30-6000-A-IUD-L5-ND | 690-51569 - UMT 30-6000-A-IUD-L5 |
| 5209-690-51566-UMT30-3400-AE-IUD-L5-ND | 690-51566 - UMT 30-3400-AE-IUD-L5 |
| 2170-T30UIPAQ-ND | T30UIPAQ |
| 2170-T30UHNAQ-ND | T30UHNAQ |
| 2170-T30UDNA-ND | T30UDNA |
| 2170-T30UXDAQPMA-ND | T30UXDAQPMA |
| 2170-T30UINA-ND | T30UINA |
| 2170-T30UUPA-ND | T30UUPA |
| 2170-T30UIPBQ-CRFV-ND | T30UIPBQ-CRFV |
| 2170-T30UXDBW/30-ND | T30UXDB W/30 |
| 2170-T30UDPA-ND | T30UDPA |
| 2170-T30UDPAQ-ND | T30UDPAQ |
| 2170-T30UDPBQ-ND | T30UDPBQ |
| 2170-T30UUPAQ-ND | T30UUPAQ |
| 2170-T30UUPB-ND | T30UUPB |
| 2170-T30UDNBQ-ND | T30UDNBQ |
| 2170-T30UHNBQ-ND | T30UHNBQ |
| 2170-T30UXUC-ND | T30UXUC |
| 2170-T30UUNA-ND | T30UUNA |
| 2170-QT50ULB-CRFV-ND | QT50ULB-CRFV |
| 2170-T30UHPAQ-ND | T30UHPAQ |
| 2170-T30UXIBQ8-ND | T30UXIBQ8 |
| 2170-T30UIPBQ-ND | T30UIPBQ |