Microchip E-Bike Tech Q&A - What is the scheme architecture of an E-Bike?

Semiconductor Integrated Circuits (ICs)
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Q: What is the scheme architecture of an E-Bike?

A: The main topology is MCU + Driver + MOSFETs, with Hall current sensors on the motor lines and position sensors required for sensored FOC (supporting Hall, magnetic encoders, inductive types, Resolvers, etc.). In addition, on-board Flash is equipped for driving data recording.

Main Power Topology: MCU + Driver + MOSFETs

MCU (Microcontroller Unit)

Responsible for running motor control algorithms such as FOC (Field-Oriented Control) and generating PWM duty cycle commands.

Driver (Gate Driver)

Receives PWM signals from the MCU and converts them into appropriate voltage/current to drive the gates of power MOSFETs.

MOSFETs

Form a three-phase full-bridge inverter, convert the DC voltage of the battery into three-phase AC current, and drive the motor windings.

Sensor Topology

Hall Current Sensors on Motor Lines

Used for real-time measurement of phase current (or bus current), and is one of the essential inputs for FOC current closed-loop control.
Current detection methods include:

  • Hall current sensors (isolated type)
  • Shunt resistor + operational amplifier (op-amp) (non-isolated type)

Position Sensors for Sensored FOC

FOC needs to know the rotor’s magnetic field position to perform coordinate transformation and current control.
Common position sensors include:

  • Hall switches (low cost, commonly used in E-Bikes)
  • Magnetic encoders (high resolution)
  • Inductive position sensors (good anti-interference performance)
  • Resolvers (applied in industrial and automotive-grade scenarios, with high reliability)

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